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312-50v12 Practice Questions

Question # 1

Attacker Rony Installed a rogue access point within an organization's perimeter and
attempted to Intrude into its internal network. Johnson, a security auditor, identified some
unusual traffic in the internal network that is aimed at cracking the authentication
mechanism. He immediately turned off the targeted network and tested for any weak and
outdated security mechanisms that are open to attack. What is the type of vulnerability
assessment performed by Johnson in the above scenario?

A.

Distributed assessment

B.

Wireless network assessment

C.

Most-based assessment

D.

Application assessment



B.

Wireless network assessment


Explanation:
Expanding your network capabilities are often done well using wireless networks, but it also
can be a source of harm to your data system . Deficiencies in its implementations or
configurations can allow tip to be accessed in an unauthorized manner.This makes it
imperative to closely monitor your wireless network while also conducting periodic Wireless
Network assessment.It identifies flaws and provides an unadulterated view of exactly how
vulnerable your systems are to malicious and unauthorized accesses.Identifying
misconfigurations and inconsistencies in wireless implementations and rogue access points
can improve your security posture and achieve compliance with regulatory frameworks



Question # 2
A certified ethical hacker is conducting a Whois footprinting activity on a specific domain. The individual is leveraging various tools such as Batch IP Converter and Whols Analyzer Pro to retrieve vital details but is unable to gather complete Whois information from the registrar for a particular set of data. As the hacker, what might be the probable data model being utilized by the domain's registrar for storing and looking up Who is information?
A. Thick Whois model with a malfunctioning server
B. Thick Whois model working correctly
C. Thin Whois model with a malfunctioning server
D. Thin Whois model working correctly


D. Thin Whois model working correctly

Explanation: A thin Whois model is a type of data model that is used by some domain registrars for storing and looking up Whois information. In a thin Whois model, the registrar only stores the basic information about the domain, such as the domain name, the registrar name, the name servers, and the registration and expiration dates. The rest of the information, such as the contact details of the domain owner, the administrative contact, and the technical contact, is stored by the registry that manages the top-level domain (TLD) of the domain. For example, the registry for .com and .net domains is Verisign, and the registry for .org domains is Public Interest Registry. When a Whois lookup is performed on a domain that uses a thin Whois model, the registrar’s Whois server only returns the basic information and refers the query to the registry’s Whois server for the complete information1.

As a hacker, if you are unable to gather complete Whois information from the registrar for a particular set of data, it might be because the domain’s registrar is using a thin Whois model and the registry’s Whois server is not responding or providing the information. This could be due to various reasons, such as network issues, server errors, rate limits, privacy policies, or legal restrictions. Therefore, the probable data model being utilized by the domain’s registrar for storing and looking up Whois information is a thin Whois model working correctly.

References:
Differences Between Thin WHOIS vs Thick WHOIS – OpenSRS Help & Support


Question # 3

What type of virus is most likely to remain undetected by antivirus software?

A.

Cavity virus

B.

Stealth virus

C.

File-extension virus

D.

Macro virus



B.

Stealth virus




Question # 4

You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the
client xyz. You harvested two employees' emails from some public sources and are
creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email. Which stage of the
cyber kill chain are you at?

A.

Reconnaissance

B.

Command and control

C.

Weaponization

D.

Exploitation



C.

Weaponization


Explanation: Weaponization
The adversary analyzes the data collected in the previous stage to identify the
vulnerabilities and techniques that can exploit and gain unauthorized access to the
target organization. Based on the vulnerabilities identified during analysis, the
adversary
selects or creates a tailored deliverable malicious payload (remote-access malware
weapon) using an exploit and a backdoor to send it to the victim. An adversary may
target specific network devices, operating systems, endpoint devices, or even
individuals within the organization to carry out their attack. For example, the
adversary
may send a phishing email to an employee of the target organization, which may
include a malicious attachment such as a virus or worm that, when downloaded,
installs a backdoor on the system that allows remote access to the adversary. The
following are the activities of the adversary: o Identifying appropriate malware
payload based on the analysis o Creating a new malware payload or selecting,
reusing, modifying the available malware payloads based on the identified
vulnerability
o Creating a phishing email campaign o Leveraging exploit kits and botnets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_chain
The Cyber Kill Chain consists of 7 steps: Reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery,
exploitation, installation, command and control, and finally, actions on objectives. Below
you can find detailed information on each.
1. Reconnaissance: In this step, the attacker/intruder chooses their target. Then they
conduct in-depth research on this target to identify its vulnerabilities that can be exploited.
2. Weaponization: In this step, the intruder creates a malware weapon like a virus, worm,
or such to exploit the target's vulnerabilities. Depending on the target and the purpose of
the attacker, this malware can exploit new, undetected vulnerabilities (also known as the
zero-day exploits) or focus on a combination of different vulnerabilities.
3. Delivery: This step involves transmitting the weapon to the target. The intruder/attacker
can employ different USB drives, e-mail attachments, and websites for this purpose.
4. Exploitation: In this step, the malware starts the action. The program code of the
malware is triggered to exploit the target’s vulnerability/vulnerabilities.
5. Installation: In this step, the malware installs an access point for the intruder/attacker.
This access point is also known as the backdoor.
6. Command and Control: The malware gives the intruder/attacker access to the
network/system.
7. Actions on Objective: Once the attacker/intruder gains persistent access, they finally
take action to fulfill their purposes, such as encryption for ransom, data exfiltration, or even
data destruction.



Question # 5

Robin, an attacker, is attempting to bypass the firewalls of an organization through the DNS
tunneling method in order to exfiltrate data. He is using the NSTX tool for bypassing the
firewalls. On which of the following ports should Robin run the NSTX tool?

A.

Port 53

B.

Port 23

C.

Port 50

D.

Port 80



A.

Port 53


Explanation:
DNS uses Ports 53 which is almost always open on systems, firewalls, and clients to
transmit DNS queries. instead of the more familiar Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
these queries use User Datagram Protocol (UDP) due to its low-latency, bandwidth and
resource usage compared TCP-equivalent queries. UDP has no error or flow-control
capabilities, nor does it have any integrity checking to make sure the info arrived intact.How
is internet use (browsing, apps, chat etc) so reliable then? If the UDP DNS query fails (it’s a
best-effort protocol after all) within the first instance, most systems will retry variety of times
and only after multiple failures, potentially switch to TCP before trying again; TCP is
additionally used if the DNS query exceeds the restrictions of the UDP datagram size –
typically 512 bytes for DNS but can depend upon system settings.Figure 1 below illustrates
the essential process of how DNS operates: the client sends a question string (for example,
mail.google[.]com during this case) with a particular type – typically A for a number
address. I’ve skipped the part whereby intermediate DNS systems may need to establish
where ‘.com’ exists, before checking out where ‘google[.]com’ are often found, and so on.
Many worms and scanners are created to seek out and exploit systems running telnet.
Given these facts, it’s really no surprise that telnet is usually seen on the highest Ten
Target Ports list. Several of the vulnerabilities of telnet are fixed. They require only an
upgrade to the foremost current version of the telnet Daemon or OS upgrade. As is usually
the case, this upgrade has not been performed on variety of devices. this might flow from to
the very fact that a lot of systems administrators and users don’t fully understand the risks
involved using telnet. Unfortunately, the sole solution for a few of telnets vulnerabilities is to
completely discontinue its use. the well-liked method of mitigating all of telnets
vulnerabilities is replacing it with alternate protocols like ssh. Ssh is capable of providing
many of an equivalent functions as telnet and a number of other additional services typical
handled by other protocols like FTP and Xwindows. Ssh does still have several drawbacks
to beat before it can completely replace telnet. it’s typically only supported on newer
equipment. It requires processor and memory resources to perform the info encryption and
decryption. It also requires greater bandwidth than telnet thanks to the encryption of the info . This paper was written to assist clarify how dangerous the utilization of telnet are
often and to supply solutions to alleviate the main known threats so as to enhance the
general security of the web
Once a reputation is resolved to an IP caching also helps: the resolved name-to-IP is
usually cached on the local system (and possibly on intermediate DNS servers) for a period
of your time . Subsequent queries for an equivalent name from an equivalent client then
don’t leave the local system until said cache expires. Of course, once the IP address of the
remote service is understood , applications can use that information to enable other TCPbased
protocols, like HTTP, to try to to their actual work, for instance ensuring internet cat
GIFs are often reliably shared together with your colleagues.So, beat all, a couple of dozen
extra UDP DNS queries from an organization’s network would be fairly inconspicuous and
will leave a malicious payload to beacon bent an adversary; commands could even be
received to the requesting application for processing with little difficulty.



Question # 6

What is GINA

A.

Gateway Interface Network Application

B.

GUI Installed Network Application CLASS

C.

Global Internet National Authority (G-USA)

D.

Graphical Identification and Authentication DLL



D.

Graphical Identification and Authentication DLL




Question # 7

When conducting a penetration test, it is crucial to use all means to get all available
information about the target network. One of the ways to do that is by sniffing the network.
Which of the following cannot be performed by the passive network sniffing?

A.

Identifying operating systems, services, protocols and devices

B.

Modifying and replaying captured network traffic

C.

Collecting unencrypted information about usernames and passwords

D.

Capturing a network traffic for further analysis



B.

Modifying and replaying captured network traffic




Question # 8

Attacker Steve targeted an organization's network with the aim of redirecting the company's
web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve performed DNS cache
poisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities In the DNS server software and modified the
original IP address of the target website to that of a fake website. What is the technique
employed by Steve to gather information for identity theft?

A.

Pretexting

B.

Pharming

C.

Wardriving

D.

Skimming



B.

Pharming


Explanation: A pharming attacker tries to send a web site’s traffic to a faux website
controlled by the offender, typically for the aim of collection sensitive data from victims or
putting in malware on their machines. Attacker tend to specialize in making look-alike ecommerce and digital banking websites to reap credentials and payment card data.
Though they share similar goals, pharming uses a special technique from phishing.
“Pharming attacker are targeted on manipulating a system, instead of tricking people into
reaching to a dangerous web site,” explains David Emm, principal security man of science
at Kaspersky. “When either a phishing or pharming attacker is completed by a criminal,
they need a similar driving issue to induce victims onto a corrupt location, however the
mechanisms during which this is often undertaken are completely different.”



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